Modalities

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Modalities

Every modality has a different manufacturing logic.

CDMO Network Europe helps sponsors route biological programs by modality, stage, host system, analytical burden, quality level, final format, and regional execution fit.

AAV is not mRNA. Exosomes are not recombinant proteins. Animal health is not classic human GMP. The network model exists because modern biology has fragmented into hundreds of serious product types, each requiring a different technical route.

AAV LNP / RNA Exosomes mAbs Microbial

Platform-specific.

Each modality has its own upstream, downstream, analytical, and quality logic.

Stage-specific.

Discovery, preclinical, clinical, commercial, and transfer programs need different partners.

Format-specific.

DS, DP, sterile fill, lyophilized, frozen, live, particle, and reagent formats change routing.

Region-specific.

Europe’s CDMO strengths vary by modality, capability, maturity, and manufacturing model.

Major Modality Families

Structured coverage across biological product classes.

The goal is not to say “we support biologics.” The goal is to map the real scientific category to the correct CDMO capability and execution path.

Antibodies & Engineered Binders

Classic and next-generation antibody programs requiring expression, purification, characterization, formulation, and GMP supply.

mAbsbispecificsVHHscFvFc-fusions

Recombinant Proteins & Enzymes

Therapeutic, diagnostic, food, industrial, and research proteins across microbial, yeast, mammalian, and insect systems.

enzymescytokinesantigensgrowth factorsfood proteins

Gene Therapy & Viral Vectors

Vector platforms requiring plasmid supply, producer systems, viral production, purification, potency, safety, and sterile fill.

AAVlentiviraladenovirusHSVviral analytics

RNA, DNA & LNP Platforms

Nucleic acid programs involving synthesis, plasmid templates, encapsulation, particle analytics, potency, and final sterile formats.

mRNAsaRNAsiRNApDNALNP

Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine

Cell-based programs requiring donor material, expansion, engineering, analytics, cryopreservation, release, and clinical logistics.

CAR-TTCR-TNK cellsMSCiPSC

Exosomes & Extracellular Vesicles

EV and exosome programs needing cell culture, isolation, purification, particle analytics, biomarker panels, cargo analysis, and potency strategy.

EVsCD9CD63CD81TSG101

Vaccines & Immunological Platforms

Vaccine modalities across recombinant antigens, viral platforms, VLPs, nucleic acids, adjuvants, fill-finish, and clinical supply.

VLPsubunitviralmRNA vaccinesadjuvants

Microbial & Live Biological Products

Programs involving bacterial, yeast, fungal, anaerobic, probiotic, synbiotic, or microbiome-based manufacturing and formulation.

LBPprobioticsanaerobesyeastfermentation

Nanomedicine & Delivery Systems

Particle and delivery modalities requiring formulation control, size distribution, encapsulation, stability, release, and sterile presentation.

liposomesnanoparticlespolymericmicellesparticles

Modality Atlas

From mainstream biologics to the long tail of modern biotechnology.

The network model is built for breadth. A sponsor may need a standard mammalian biologics CDMO, a specialized viral-vector partner, an exosome analytics group, a microbial fermentation route, or a multi-partner execution chain.

Antibodies, binders & protein modalities

mAbsbispecific antibodiestrispecific antibodiesVHHnanobodiesFabF(ab’)2scFvFc-fusionsreceptor fusionscytokinesgrowth factorshormonestherapeutic enzymesdiagnostic enzymesantigensalbumin fusionscollagencaseinwheygelatinprotein scaffoldsPEGylated proteinsprotein conjugatesresearch reagents

Gene therapy, vectors & viral systems

AAVlentiviral vectorsadenoviral vectorsretroviral vectorsHSV vectorsbaculovirusoncolytic virusesviral vaccinesVLPshelper virus systemsproducer cell linestriple transfectionstable producer systemsplasmid supplyviral clearanceviral potencyvector fill-finishBSL-2 support

Nucleic acids, gene editing & delivery

mRNAself-amplifying RNAcircular RNAsiRNAmiRNAantisense oligosDNA vaccinesplasmid DNAminicircle DNAlinear DNACRISPRCas9base editingprime editinggene editing payloadsLNPsliposomespolymeric nanoparticlesencapsulationparticle analytics

Cell therapy & regenerative modalities

autologous cell therapyallogeneic cell therapyCAR-TTCR-TNK cellsTILsmacrophage therapyMSCiPSCstem cellsgene-edited cellstransduced cellscell bankingcryopreservationpotency assaysclosed processingtissue engineeringorganoids

Microbial, yeast, fungal & live modalities

E. coliBacillusLactococcusLactobacillusBifidobacteriumClostridiaanaerobesPichiaSaccharomycesYarrowiaKomagataellafilamentous fungiStreptomycesmicrobiome productslive biotherapeuticsprobioticssynbioticsengineered microbesspore-formersfermentation-derived proteins

Exosomes, particles & emerging delivery

exosomesextracellular vesiclesMSC-derived EVsengineered EVsEV analyticsNTAparticle sizingcargo analysisliposomesnanoparticlespolymeric carriersmicellesnanomedicinedrug-loaded particlesdiagnostic particlessterile particle fillextracellular particle potency

Animal health, food & industrial modalities

veterinary vaccinesanimal mAbsfish vaccineslivestock biologicscompanion animal biologicsveterinary diagnosticsfeed enzymesprecision-fermented dairyalternative proteinsfood enzymesnutritional ingredientscosmetic activesindustrial enzymesbiopolymersbiosurfactantsag biologicals

Rare, hybrid & edge-case modalities

phage therapybacteriophagecell-free systemsextract manufacturingsynthetic biologyaptamersradiolabeled biologicsbiologic-device hybridsimplantable biologics3D bioprinting inputsmarine biotechalgae platformsfungal biotechpublic sector biologicsnon-standard CMCorphan modality programs

Modality determines the route.

CDMO selection changes when the program changes from antibody to AAV, from LNP to exosome, from microbial enzyme to live biotherapeutic, or from human therapeutic to veterinary product. The network maps those differences before the wrong conversation starts.

Modality class Protein, antibody, cell therapy, gene therapy, RNA, vaccine, LBP, exosome, diagnostic reagent, animal health, food biotech, or edge platform.
Host system CHO, HEK, E. coli, Bacillus, yeast, insect, anaerobe, producer cell line, iPSC, primary cell, or cell-free system.
Process logic Expression, fermentation, cell expansion, viral production, RNA encapsulation, particle isolation, formulation, or multi-step hybrid manufacturing.
Analytical burden Identity, purity, potency, safety, residuals, particle characterization, transduction, infectivity, cargo, release, stability, or comparability.
Final format Bulk DS, frozen, liquid, lyophilized, sterile vial, syringe, cartridge, live product, reagent kit, capsule, powder, or food-grade ingredient.
Execution route Single CDMO, development partner, analytical specialist, fill-finish partner, regional hub, multi-site chain, or tech-transfer path.

Same word, different manufacturing reality.

“Biologic” is too broad. Each modality must be routed through its own technical logic.

mAb programs

Usually route through mammalian expression, purification, comparability, formulation, and GMP clinical or commercial biologics supply.

AAV programs

Require vector production, plasmid support, capsid analytics, potency, empty/full analysis, safety testing, and specialized fill-finish.

Exosome programs

Need cell source logic, EV isolation, marker characterization, particle sizing, cargo analysis, potency strategy, and emerging CMC discipline.

Microbial programs

Route by host, strain, fermentation mode, downstream recovery, impurity burden, drying or formulation, cost target, and quality framework.

Need modality-specific CDMO routing?

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